Many of the scientific terms found in the abstracts, articles and lay translations presented on our site are included in this section. We are continually adding terminology found in both new and existing documents.
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Symbol for "angstrom."
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Symbol for "angstrom."
A structure consisting of a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) residue attached backwards (i.e., 5' to 5') by a triphosphate linkage to the 5' end of primary mRNA transcripts in eukaryotes. In addition, the first and, in some cases, second nucleotide of the mRNA are methylated at the 2' position of the ribose residue. The 5' cap protects the mRNA from attack by 5' exonucleases and also functions in the recognition of the mRNA by ribosomes.
A secondary structure occurring in many proteins; it is a right-handed helix with 3.6 amino acid residues per turn stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the imino hydrogen of each peptide bond and the carbonyl oxygen of the peptide bond four residues further along the polypeptide chain.
The C-terminal 30-amino acid residue and is found in the adenohypophysis, hypothalamus, and other sites in the brain; one function appears to be mediation of pain perception.
A derivative of benzimidazole doubly methylated on the benzene ring; it is an unusual base that together with a ribose 3'-phosphate moiety forms the nucleotide portion of the vitamin B12 molecule.
Significance level.
Also ß. Beta, the second letter of the Greek alphabet; symbol for the ß chain of hemoglobin and the probability of Type II error.
The seventh region (domain) of the transmembrane V2R. See schematic drawing of the V2R.
An adrenergic receptor that responds to norepinephrine and to such blocking agents as phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride and phentolamine. Called also alpha receptors.
Also β. Beta, the second letter of the Greek alphabet; symbol for the β chain of hemoglobin and the probability of Type II error.
See definition for "amino acid."
One in which the amino and carboxyl groups are both attached to the same carbon atom.
Symbol
Beta, the second letter of the Greek alphabet; symbol for the ß chain of hemoglobin.
Tryptophan.
1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP or dDAVP or desmopressin) is a vasopressin analogue which has a potent antidiuretic potency (V2 receptor stimulation), prolonged duration of action and diminished pressor effects (V1 receptor stimulation). The natural hormone in man is ADH (antidiuretic hormone), also called vasopressin or arginine-vasopressin. ADH is a nonapeptide (molecular weight 1099) with pressor and antidiuretic actions.
The pressor effect is mediated by the V1 receptor stimulation which is localized mainly on the small muscle of the blood vessels and which stimulation induce " vasoconstriction ."
The decrease in urine volume after ADH administration is mediated by the stimulation by ADH of the V2 receptor, localized on the collecting tubule of the kidney. Patients with central diabetes insipidus are usually treated with dDAVP which stimulates only the V2 receptor. (Definition provided by G. Decaux, PhD, Hopital Erasme, Brussels.)
An adrenergic receptor that responds to epinephrine and to such blocking agents as propranolol; they are of two types: ß1 (lipolysis and cardiostimulation) and ß2 (bronchodilation and vasodilation). Called also beta receptors .
See alpha globulins.
1. Comprising ten parts or members.
2. Ten times as great or as much.
Any of a group of enzymes of the hydrolase class that catalyze the cleavage of terminal, ß-linked, nonreducing galactose residues from a variety of substrates, including ganglioside GM1, lactosylceramides, lactose, and various glycoproteins and oligosaccharides.
Pertaining to alpha hemolysis.
17-ketosteroid.
Globulins of plasma that have an electrophoretic mobility in neutral or alkaline solutions intermediate between that of the alpha and the gamma globulins.
Keratin in the form of an a helix; it is the usual form for nail and hair keratins and thus is sometimes used synonymously with hard keratin.
Chemical name for histamine .
The enzyme complex comprising lactase and glycosylceramidase (phlorhizin hydrolase) activities, occurring in the brush border membrane of the intestinal mucosa and hydrolyzing lactose as well as cellobiose and cellotriose; it is a single polypeptide, processed from a larger precursor, with two catalytic sites for the two enzyme activities.
An anionic form of a-ketoglutaric acid.
A contingency table having two rows and two columns.
Butyric acid substituted at the ß, or 3, position, one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver and occurring at high levels in the blood and urine in ketosis. Called also 3-hydroxybutyric acid.
2-oxopentanedioic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle; a-ketoglutarate is also produced from glutamate in amino group transfer reactions and by oxidative deamination.
See a-ketoglutaric acid.
Acetoacetic acid.
The faster of the serum globulins with the most rapid electrophoretic migration, the other (slower) being the a2-globulins.
Abbreviation for cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
See ß-adrenergic receptors.
The slower of the serum globulins with the most rapid electrophoretic migration, the other (faster) being the a1-globulins.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate.
Sigma, the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet; symbol for "standard deviation."
See alpha2-macroglobulin.
ß-hydroxybutyric acid.
Symbol for "variance."
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1. Comprising four parts or members.
2. Four times as great or as much.
Indicating diploid chromosome number.
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