cell membrane
The definitions used in this glossary of terminology either have been provided by the authors of the articles, or have been extracted wholly or in part, or paraphrased from the following sources: The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, Charles B. Clayman, MD, Medical Editor, Random House, New York, 1989; Biotechnology from A to Z, 2d Edition, William Bains, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2002; A Dictionary of Genetics, 6th Edition, Robert C. King and William D. Stansfield, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2002; Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 29th and 30th Editions, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2000, 2003; Genes VII, Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2000; The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders, Volumes I and II, Stacey L. Blachford, Ed., Thomson Learning, New York, New York, 2002; The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, Massachusetts, 1997; Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3rd Edition, Bruce Alberts, et al., Garland Publishing, 1994; The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged Edition, 1966; Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1991.
DEFINITION:
- cell membrane
Used in 4 Article abstracts
Used in 4 Article abstracts
- An Extracellular Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Mutation of the Vasopressin Receptor Reduces Cell Surface Expression, Affinity for Ligand, and Coupling to the Gs/adenylyl Cyclase System
- Molecular Aspects of Water Transport
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- Water Channels and Urea Transporters
Used in 161 Article translations
Used in 161 Article translations
- A Dileucine Sequence and an Upstream Glutamate Residue in the Intracellular Carboxyl Terminus of the Vasopressin V2 Receptor are Essential for Cell Surface Transport in COS.M6 Cells
- A Fully Active Nonglycosylated V2 Vasopressin Receptor
- A Heterotrimeric G Protein of the Gi Family is Required for cAMP-triggered Trafficking of Aquaporin 2 in Kidney Epithelial Cells
- A Novel Deletion Mutation in the Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 2 Gene and Skewed X Chromosome Inactivation in a Female Patient with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- A Role for K268 in V2R Folding
- A Serine Cluster Prevents Recycling of the V2 Vasopressin Receptor
- ADH Resistance of LLC-pk1 Cells Caused by Overexpression of cAMP-Phosphodiesterase Type-IV
- Altered Expression of COX-1, COX-2, and mPGES in Rats with Nephrogenic and Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Aminoglycoside-Mediated Rescue of a Disease-Causing Nonsense Mutation in the V2 Vasopressin Receptor Gene In Vitro and In Vivo
- An Aquaporin-2 Water Channel Mutant Which Causes Autosomal Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is Retained in the Golgi Complex
- An Impaired Routing of Wild-type Aquaporin-2 after Tetramerization with an Aquaporin-2 Mutant Explains Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- An X-linked NDI Mutation Reveals a Requirement for Cell Surface V2R Expression
- Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Blockade Decreases Vasopressin-Induced Water Reabsorption and AQP2 Levels in NaCl-Restricted Rats
- Antidiuretic Hormone Modulates Membrane Phosphoproteins in Toad Urinary Bladder and Retrieved Water Channel Containing Apical Membrane Vesicles
- Appropriate Polarization Following Pharmacological Rescue of V2 Vasopressin Receptors Encoded by X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Alleles Involves a Conformation of the Receptor That Also Attains Mature Glycosylation
- Aquaporin-2 Trafficking is Regulated by PDZ-domain Containing Protein SPA-1
- Aquaporin-2 Water Channel Mutations and Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: New Variations on a Theme
- Aquaporins: From Physiology to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Bidirectional Regulation of AQP2 Trafficking and Recycling: Involvement of AQP2-S256 Phosphorylation
- Bilateral Ureteral Obstruction Downregulates Expression of Vasopressin-Sensitive AQP-2 Water Channel in Rat Kidney
- Brief Report: A Molecular Defect in the Vasopressin V2-Receptor Gene Causing Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Calcineurin-NFATc Signaling Pathway Regulates AQP2 Expression in Response to Calcium Signals and Osmotic Stress
- Cellular Distribution of the Aquaporins: A Family of Water Channel Proteins
- Characterization of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in a Polarized Cell Model
- Characterization of an Aquaporin-2 Water Channel Gene Mutation Causing Partial Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in a Mexican Family: Evidence of Increased Frequency of the Mutation in the Town of Origin
- Cloning of an Aquaporin Homologue Present in Water Channel Containing Endosomes of Toad Urinary Bladder
- Compartmentalization of cAMP-Dependent Signaling by Phosphodiesterase-4D is Involved in the Regulation of Vasopressin-Mediated Water Reabsorption in Renal Principal Cells
- Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Congestive Heart Failure in Rats is Associated with Increased Expression and Targeting of Aquaporin-2 Water Channel in Collecting Duct
- Constitutive and Regulated Membrane Expression of Aquaporin 1 and Aquaporin 2 Water Channels in Stably Transfected LLC-PK1 Epithelial Cells
- Current Understanding of the Cellular Biology and Molecular Structure of the Antidiuretic Hormone-stimulated Water Transport Pathway
- Cytoplasmic Dilution Induces Antidiuretic Hormone Water Channel Retrieval in Toad Urinary Bladder
- Defective Aquaporin-2 Trafficking in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Correction by Chemical Chaperones
- Dehydration Reverses Vasopressin Antagonist-Induced Diuresis and Aquaporin-2 Downregulation in Rats
- Desmopressin for Nocturnal Enuresis in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Development of Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is Dissociated from Adenylyl Cyclase Activity
- Diabetes Insipidus (Hendy, Bichet)
- Different Single Receptor Domains Determine the Distinct G Protein Coupling Profiles of Members of the Vasopressin Receptor Family
- Discovery of Aquaporins: a Breakthrough in Research on Renal Water Transport
- Disease-Causing V2 Vasopressin Receptors are Retained in Different Compartments of the Early Secretory Pathway
- Downregulation of Aquaporin-2 Parallels Changes in Renal Water Excretion in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
- Dynein and dynactin colocalize with AQP2 water channels in intracellular vesicles from kidney collecting duct
- Endosomes from Kidney Collecting Tubule Cells Contain the Vasopressin-sensitive Water Channel
- Epinephrine and dDAVP Administration in Patients with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Evidence for a pre-cyclic AMP V2 Receptor Defective Mechanism
- Evidence for Stabilization of Aquaporin-2 Folding Mutants by N-linked Glycosylation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Expression Studies of Two Vasopressin V2 Receptor Gene Mutations, R202C and 804insG, in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Folding and Cell Surface Expression of the Vasopressin V2 Receptor: Requirement of the Intracellular C-terminus
- Fourfold Reduction of Water Permeability in Inner Medullary Collecting Duct of Aquaporin-4 Knockout Mice
- From Vasopressin Receptor to Water Channel: Intracellular Traffic, Constraint and By-pass
- Functional Analysis of Aquaporin-2 Mutants Associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus by Yeast Expression
- Functional Involvement of VAMP/Synaptobrevin-2 in cAMP-Stimulated Aquaporin 2 Translocation in Renal Collecting Duct Cells
- Functional Rescue of Mutant V2 Vasopressin Receptors Causing Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus by a Co-Expressed Receptor Polypeptide
- Functional Rescue of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants in MDCK Cells by Pharmacochaperones: Relevance to Therapy of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Functional Rescue of the Constitutively Internalized V2 Vasopressin Receptor Mutant R137H by the Pharmacological Chaperone Action of SR49059
- Functional Rescue of the Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus-Causing Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants G185C and R202C by a Second Site Suppressor Mutation
- Functional Role of the NPxxY Motif in Internalization of the Type 2 Vasopressin Receptor in LLC-PK1 Cells
- Functional Studies of Twelve Mutant V2 Vasopressin Receptors Related to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Molecular Basis of a Mild Clinical Phenotype
- Functional Study of Two V2 Vasopressin Mutant Receptors Related to NDI: P322S and P322H
- Functional Water Channels Are Present in Clathrin-coated Vesicles from Bovine Kidney but Not from Brain
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Endocrine Disease
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Receptor Activation and Selectivity of G-Protein Recognition
- GS-Activating Receptors: Modes of Transmembrane Signalling and Genetic Defects
- Heat Shock Protein 70 Interacts with Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and Regulates Its Trafficking
- Heterogeneous AVPR2 Gene Mutations in Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Heteroligomerization of an Aquaporin-2 Mutant with Wild-Type Aquaporin-2 and Their Misrouting to Late Endosomes/Lysosomes Explains Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Hypertonicity Regulates the Aquaporin-2 Promoter Independently of Arginine Vasopressin
- Identification and Characterization of Aquaporin-2 Water Channel Mutations Causing Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus with Partial Vasopressin Response
- Identification of Rab3-, Rab5a- and Synaptobrevin II-like Proteins in a Preparation of Rat Kidney Vesicles Containing the Vasopressin-Regulated Water Channel
- Identification of a Multiprotein "Motor" Complex Binding to Water Channel Aquaporin-2
- Identification of a Novel A-kinase Anchoring Protein 18 Isoform and Evidence for its Role in the Vasopressin-induced Aquaporin-2 Shuttle in Renal Principal Cells
- Importance of the Mercury-Sensitive Cysteine on Function and Routing of AQP1 and AQP2 in Oocytes
- Inborn Errors of Signal Transduction: Mutations in G Proteins and G Protein-coupled Receptors as a Cause of Disease
- Increased Renal Responsiveness to Vasopressin and Enhanced V2 Receptor Signaling in RGS2-/- Mice
- Indomethacin Enhances Shuttling of Aquaporin-2 Despite Decreased Abundance in Rat Kidney
- Inhibition of Endocytosis Causes Phosphorylation (S256)-Independent Plasma Membrane Accumulation of AQP-2
- Insulin Potentiates AVP-induced AQP2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells
- Large-Scale Purification of Functional Recombinant Human Aquaporin-2
- Lithium-induced Down regulation of Aquaporin-2 Water Channel Expression in Rat Kidney Medulla
- Long-Term Regulation of Urinary Concentrating Capacity
- MAL Decreases the Internalization of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- Mechanism of Vasopressin Action in the Renal Collecting Duct
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Water Permeability in Renal Epithelia
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Water Transport in the Kidney
- Membrane Targeting and Determination of Transmembrane Topology of the Human Vasopressin V2 Receptor
- Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Induces Vasopressin-Independent Apical Accumulation of Aquaporin-2 in the Isolated, Perfused Rat Kidney
- Molecular Aspects of Vasopressin Receptor Function
- Molecular Aspects of Water Transport
- Molecular Insights into the Pathogenesis of Inherited Renal Tubular Disorders
- Molecular Mechanisms and Drug Development in Aquaporin Water Channel Diseases: Molecular Mechanism of Water Channel Aquaporin-2 Trafficking
- Molecular Mechanisms for the Regulation of Water Transport in Amphibian Epithelia by Antidiuretic Hormone
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Vasopressin and Oxytocin Receptors and Action in the Kidney
- Molecular and Cellular Defects in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Mutations and Diseases of G Protein Coupled Receptors
- Mutations in the Founder of the MIP Gene Family Underlie Cataract Development in the Mouse
- Mutations in the V2 Vasopressin Receptor Gene are Associated with X-linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Mutations in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor Gene in Families with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Functional Expression of the Q-2 Mutant
- Mutations in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor Gene in Two Families with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) Causes Aquaporin-2 Trafficking in the Renal Inner Medullary Collecting Duct by Direct Activation of Protein Kinase A
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (Bichet - November 1998)
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Caused By Mutation of Tyr205: A Key Residue of V2 Vasopressin Receptor Function
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. A V2 Vasopressin Receptor Unable to Stimulate Adenylyl Cyclase
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Causes Revealed
- New Mutations in the AQP2 Gene in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Resulting in Functional but Misrouted Water Channels
- Novel Mutations in the V2 Vasopressin Receptor Gene in Two Pedigrees with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Novel Mutations in the V2 Vasopressin Receptor Gene of Patients with X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Osmolality and Solute Composition are Strong Regulators of AQP2 Expression in Renal Principal Cells
- Oxytocin Induces Apical and Basolateral Redistribution of Aquaporin-2 in Rat Kidney
- Palmitoylation of the V2 Vasopressin Receptor
- Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autosomal-Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Caused by an Aquaporin 2 Mutation
- Pathophysiology of Aquaporin-2 in Water Balance Disorders
- Pathophysiology of the Aquaporin Water Channels
- Pharmacochaperones Post-Translationally Enhance Cell Surface Expression by Increasing Conformational Stability of Wild-Type and Mutant Vasopressin V2 Receptors
- Pharmacologic Chaperones as a Potential Treatment for X-linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Pharmacological Chaperones Rescue Cell-Surface Expression and Function of Misfolded V2 Vasopressin Receptor Mutants
- Pharmacological Chaperones in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Possibilities for Clinical Application
- Phenotypes Developed in Secretin Receptor-Null Mice Indicated a Role for Secretin in Regulating Renal Water Reabsorption
- Phosphorylation of Aquaporin-2 does not alter the Membrane Water Permeability of Rat Papillary Water Channel-containing Vesicles
- Phosphorylation of the V2 Vasopressin Receptor
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Aquaporins
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- Properties of the Human Arginine Vasopressin V2 Receptor after Site-Directed Mutagenesis of its Putative Palmitoylation Site
- Rat Kidney Papilla Contains Abundant Synaptobrevin Protein that Participates in the Fusion of Antidiuretic Hormone-regulated Water Channel-containing Endosomes In Vitro
- Reconstitution of Mutant V2 Vasopressin Receptors by Adenovirus-mediated Gene Transfer
- Relationship Between Vasopressin-Sensitive Water Transport and Plasma Membrane Fluidity in Kidney Collecting Tubule
- Rescue of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants by Chemical Chaperones: Specificity and Mechanism
- Rescue of a Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus-Causing Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutant by Cell-Penetrating Peptides
- Reversed Polarized Delivery of an Aquaporin-2 Mutant Causes Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Rho Inhibits cAMP-Induced Translocation of Aquaporin-2 into the Apical Membrane of Renal Cells
- Role of Aquaporin Water Channels in Kidney and Lung
- Role of Aquaporin-2 Water Channels in Urinary Concentration and Dilution Defects
- Role of Aquaporins in Water Balance Disorders
- Short-Chain Ubiquitination Mediates the Regulated Endocytosis of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- Stimulation of AQP2 Membrane Insertion in Renal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by the cGMP Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra)
- Switch from an Aquaporin to a Glycerol Channel by Two Amino Acids Substitution
- The Aquaporin Family of Water Channel Proteins in Clinical Medicine
- The Aquaporin Family of Water Channels in Kidney: an Update on Physiology and Pathophysiology of Aquaporin-2
- The C-Terminal Tail of Aquaporin-2 Determines Apical Trafficking
- The Cellular Action of Antidiuretic Hormone
- The Hydrophobic Amino Acid Residues in the Membrane-Proximal C Tail of the G Protein-Coupled Vasopressin V2 Receptor are Necessary for Transport-Competent Receptor Folding
- The Ins and Outs of Aquaporin-2 Trafficking
- The Molecular Basis of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- The Perinatal Expression of Aquaporin-2 and Aquaporin-3 in Developing Kidney
- The Role of Membrane Turnover in the Water Permeability Response to Antidiuretic Hormone
- The Role of Putative Phosphorylation Sites in the Targeting and Shuttling of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- Therapeutic Potential of Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists
- Tonicity-Responsive Enhancer Binding Protein is an Essential Regulator of Aquaporin-2 Expression in Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells
- Topology of Eukaryotic Multispanning Transmembrane Proteins: Use of LacZ Fusions for the Localization of Cytoplasmic Domains in COS.M6 Cells
- Two Novel Mutations in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor Gene in Patients with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Two Novel Mutations in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor Gene in Unrelated Japanese Kindreds with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Urinary Concentrating Mechanism: The Role of the Inner Medulla
- V2 Vasopressin Receptor Dysfunction in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Caused By Different Molecular Mechanisms
- Vasopressin Receptors in Health and Disease
- Vasopressin and Oxytocin Receptors
- Vasopressin-Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase: Subunit Interactions Assessed by Target Analysis and Computer Modelling
- Water Channels
- Water Channels Encoded by Mutant Aquaporin-2 Genes in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus are Impaired in Their Cellular Routing
- Water Channels and Urea Transporters
- Water Channels in Cell Membranes
- Water Transport Across Mammalian Cell Membranes
- X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Mutations in North America and the Hopewell Hypothesis
- cDNA and Genomic Cloning of Mouse Aquaporin-2: Functional Analysis of an Orthologous Mutant Causing Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Used in 42 Proceeding translations
Used in 42 Proceeding translations
- Rescue of the Cell Surface Expression of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- A defect in AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser256 in the Golgi apparatus might explain the molecular basis of the dominant form of NDI caused by the mutation E258K-AQP2
- Action Mechanism of Pharmacological Chaperones Acting on the V2 Vasopressin Receptor in the Treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms causing V2 vasopressin receptor dysfunction in four patients with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Analysis of naturally occurring and in vitro mutations of the V2 receptor gene interfering with proper splicing
- Biochemical Characterization of Partial Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) Phenotypes
- Bypassing the vasopressin receptor in aquaporin 2 trafficking: from cell biology to potential therapy of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Calcineurin A-alpha knockout is a new model of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Characterization of mutant vasopressin V2 receptors with a misfolded AVP binding site
- Clinical Phenotype and Molecular Characterization of A Mutant V2 Receptor Associated with Partial Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Comparative analysis of human and murine vasopressin V2 receptor genes and their encoded proteins reveal striking differences in their genomic structure and functional properties
- Compartmentalization of NDI-causing vasopressin V2 receptor mutants in the early secretory pathway
- Consequences of tetramerization and expression levels of Aquaporin-2 in phenotype-genotype correlation studies in autosomal NDI
- Correction of age-related polyuria by dDAVP: Molecular involvement of aquaporins and urea transporters
- Differences between ER-retained vasopressin V2 receptor mutants in antagonist-mediated restoration of cell surface expression
- Functional rescue of three vasopressin V2 receptor mutants causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by a second site suppressor mutation
- G15 reveals coupling of the V2 receptor to PLC that is refractory to receptor desensitization
- GIP, a G protein coupled receptor interacting protein
- Gene Mutation Analysis of NDI patients in Japan
- High proportion of ROMK processing defects underlying hyperprostaglandin E syndrome/antenatal Bartter syndrome
- Hormone-regulated intrenalization of the vasopressin V2 receptor in a polarized renal collecting duct cell system
- Impaired routing of AQP2 to late endosomes/lysosomes following heterotetramerization with AQP2-E258K is likely to explain dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Lack of AVP-induced phosphorylation of the Aquaporin-2 mutants AQP2-R254L and AQP2-R254Q explains dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Lithium-induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: A Cell Culture Model
- Mono-ubiquitination and missorting to lysosomes of the Aquaporin-2 water channel mutant AQP2-E258K explains dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- N-linked glycosylation is essential for transport of the Aquaporin-2 water channel to the plasma membrane in MDCK cells
- Naturally occurring and in vitro mutations defining the role of the NPXXY motif in the vasopressin V2 receptor
- Pharmacological chaperones functionally rescue misfolded mutant V2 vasopressin receptors that cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Prostaglandins as Stimulants of AQP2 Expression: a Possible Future Treatment for NDI?
- Protein Kinase C involvement in aquaporin-2 endocytosis in cell culture
- Proteomic Studies of Vasopressin Action in the Collecting Duct
- Purinergic Control of Medullary Collecting Duct Function: A Novel Vasopressin-independent Regulatory Mechanism
- Quality control of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus-causing vasopressin V2 receptor mutants in the ER and in the ER/Golgi intermediate compartment
- Regulation of AQP2 trafficking and recycling by dopamine, PGE2 and ANP: involvement of AQP2-S256 phosphorylation
- Role of phosphorylation in the trafficking and shuttling of the Aquaporin-2 water channel
- Routing and function of mutant AQP2 water channels in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Supplementation of Receptor Fragments: An approach to Functionally Rescue Mutant V2 Vasopressin Receptors
- The novel Aquaporin-2 maturing protein 1 interacts with AQP2, inhibits its forskolin-induced translocation to the apical membrane, and reduces its expression
- V2 vasopressin receptor-arrestin interactions
- Vasopressin-V2-receptor dependent and independent regulation of collecting duct aquaporin-2 expression and trafficking
- Vasopressin-induced / cyclic AMP-mediated aquaporin 2 translocation is a Ca2+-independent, slow exocytotic process
- Wild-type aquaporin-2 rescues a novel aquaporin-2 mutant in recessive Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus to the apical plasma membrane



